Archive for the ‘Small Business’ Category:
Electronic Medical Records Implementation Made Easy
January 27th, 2010 No Comments Posted in Small Business
Joe Landau asked:
Implementation of an Electronic Medical Records (EMR) application in a medical practice is widely perceived to be difficult, expensive and risky. ‘Experts’ advise careful planning, equipment selection and staff training, and warn that even then you may lose productivity for a time.
But this needn’t be the case. Implementing an EMR application can be done with the same efficiency and ease as other office applications; especially in a small practice. It doesn’t have to be expensive, and it can be undertaken with minimal risk.
Implementing EMR in Stages
An Electronic Medical Records application is fundamentally a database that you can use to manage various categories of medical information for each of your patients. Among these are medical problem lists, medications, allergies, lab results, patient histories, and your patient care notes. Most data categories are independent of one another. That is, you can enter a patient’s medication into the EMR without entering any of his lab results, and you can enter a patient’s lab results without entering his medications. In this respect, the EMR application mimics the paper chart, which is composed of independent paper records.
Thus you can begin to use an EMR application by working with a single category of data while you continue to follow your current practices for other information. This ensures that the change of habits and methods required to transition to EMR will be manageable. You can add subsequent categories at your own pace.
Labs First?
Which category should you begin with? Pick one that will bring an immediate benefit to you or your staff. In an internal medicine practice, this might be the recording of lab results. A surgeon who does a lot of dictation might find that the ability to enter reports directly into the EMR application, either by speech recognition or with templates, would be a good place to start.
If you begin with lab results, which usually come from an outside lab by fax or by transmission and printing, the best option is to have them entered into the EMR application electronically. Lab results can be sent directly to your computer, and your EMR application can read them in and place them in the correct patient’s chart.
But what happens if something goes wrong? What if the technician who is setting up the connection wins the lottery, and quits? You can easily return temporarily to the original way of handling lab results, which are still coming to you just as before, whether by printer, fax or pony express, and you can still use them. No other part of your computer operation is affected, so there is minimal risk to your practice.
When the lab connection to your EMR system is completed, lab results will be available on your computer, faster than before, and you will be able to look up all the results for a patient, both for current and prior lab results, usually viewable on the same screen. Better yet, most EMR systems will send you an alert when a result is abnormal. The results can still be printed so you can read and file them in the patient’s chart, which you will still be keeping (because going paperless is the last step in implementing an EMR application, not the first).
In summary: You bought a computer (or used one that you already had), purchased an EMR application (or downloaded one free*), installed it, and let your primary lab start downloading results. Your costs have been minimal or nil (or paid by the lab), there has been little stress on you, and you have an EMR system up and running in your office. It gives you lab results and alerts more quickly that you can examine with less time and effort. It’s a pure win.
Meds First?
Suppose you decide to begin your migration to EMR with medications records rather than labs? You could start by installing the EMR application on a computer you already have - even a laptop computer. If you don’t have a computer, it may be time to invest in one of the many new, affordable computers on the market.
You can begin by simply recording your prescriptions. On most EMR systems, this is very simple, and it can be done either by you or an assistant. The assumption is that your patients’ names are in the EMR system already - this might have been done at your registration desk, or by importing all the names from your medical practice management application. If your practice management and EMR applications are an integrated system, the patient information is already there.
The least change to your existing routine would be to continue writing prescriptions by hand, as you have been. You could use a two-part pad, so there would always be a copy. Then a clerical staff member could enter the data into the EMR system. Though this requires clerical support, the impact on clinicians would be very low. A convenient alternative would be to enter the prescriptions yourself on a laptop computer, and let the EMR application print them on a nearby printer. Finally, you can have your EMR send the prescriptions directly to the patient’s pharmacy. By doing this, you’d benefit from easier handling of requests for reissue, drug and allergy interaction checking, and accurate, rapid delivery of the prescription.
Electronic Medical Records - Minimal Change Minimal Risk
You can implement an EMR application without drastically upsetting the routine of your office, or your own work. Don’t try to begin using all the system’s features at once; begin with a single feature that will give you an immediate benefit. Implement those features that will help you improve patient care and make your life easier, and ignore the others. The computer is there to serve you, not the other way around.
The key is to minimize risk. You don’t need to spend a lot of money, and you have the ability to change your mind at any time. By implementing in stages, you can bring your medical practice into the realm of electronic medical records the easy way.
* VersaForm currently offers several electronic medical records applications which can be downloaded at no charge from the company’s website, http://www.versaform.com.
Implementation of an Electronic Medical Records (EMR) application in a medical practice is widely perceived to be difficult, expensive and risky. ‘Experts’ advise careful planning, equipment selection and staff training, and warn that even then you may lose productivity for a time.
But this needn’t be the case. Implementing an EMR application can be done with the same efficiency and ease as other office applications; especially in a small practice. It doesn’t have to be expensive, and it can be undertaken with minimal risk.
Implementing EMR in Stages
An Electronic Medical Records application is fundamentally a database that you can use to manage various categories of medical information for each of your patients. Among these are medical problem lists, medications, allergies, lab results, patient histories, and your patient care notes. Most data categories are independent of one another. That is, you can enter a patient’s medication into the EMR without entering any of his lab results, and you can enter a patient’s lab results without entering his medications. In this respect, the EMR application mimics the paper chart, which is composed of independent paper records.
Thus you can begin to use an EMR application by working with a single category of data while you continue to follow your current practices for other information. This ensures that the change of habits and methods required to transition to EMR will be manageable. You can add subsequent categories at your own pace.
Labs First?
Which category should you begin with? Pick one that will bring an immediate benefit to you or your staff. In an internal medicine practice, this might be the recording of lab results. A surgeon who does a lot of dictation might find that the ability to enter reports directly into the EMR application, either by speech recognition or with templates, would be a good place to start.
If you begin with lab results, which usually come from an outside lab by fax or by transmission and printing, the best option is to have them entered into the EMR application electronically. Lab results can be sent directly to your computer, and your EMR application can read them in and place them in the correct patient’s chart.
But what happens if something goes wrong? What if the technician who is setting up the connection wins the lottery, and quits? You can easily return temporarily to the original way of handling lab results, which are still coming to you just as before, whether by printer, fax or pony express, and you can still use them. No other part of your computer operation is affected, so there is minimal risk to your practice.
When the lab connection to your EMR system is completed, lab results will be available on your computer, faster than before, and you will be able to look up all the results for a patient, both for current and prior lab results, usually viewable on the same screen. Better yet, most EMR systems will send you an alert when a result is abnormal. The results can still be printed so you can read and file them in the patient’s chart, which you will still be keeping (because going paperless is the last step in implementing an EMR application, not the first).
In summary: You bought a computer (or used one that you already had), purchased an EMR application (or downloaded one free*), installed it, and let your primary lab start downloading results. Your costs have been minimal or nil (or paid by the lab), there has been little stress on you, and you have an EMR system up and running in your office. It gives you lab results and alerts more quickly that you can examine with less time and effort. It’s a pure win.
Meds First?
Suppose you decide to begin your migration to EMR with medications records rather than labs? You could start by installing the EMR application on a computer you already have - even a laptop computer. If you don’t have a computer, it may be time to invest in one of the many new, affordable computers on the market.
You can begin by simply recording your prescriptions. On most EMR systems, this is very simple, and it can be done either by you or an assistant. The assumption is that your patients’ names are in the EMR system already - this might have been done at your registration desk, or by importing all the names from your medical practice management application. If your practice management and EMR applications are an integrated system, the patient information is already there.
The least change to your existing routine would be to continue writing prescriptions by hand, as you have been. You could use a two-part pad, so there would always be a copy. Then a clerical staff member could enter the data into the EMR system. Though this requires clerical support, the impact on clinicians would be very low. A convenient alternative would be to enter the prescriptions yourself on a laptop computer, and let the EMR application print them on a nearby printer. Finally, you can have your EMR send the prescriptions directly to the patient’s pharmacy. By doing this, you’d benefit from easier handling of requests for reissue, drug and allergy interaction checking, and accurate, rapid delivery of the prescription.
Electronic Medical Records - Minimal Change Minimal Risk
You can implement an EMR application without drastically upsetting the routine of your office, or your own work. Don’t try to begin using all the system’s features at once; begin with a single feature that will give you an immediate benefit. Implement those features that will help you improve patient care and make your life easier, and ignore the others. The computer is there to serve you, not the other way around.
The key is to minimize risk. You don’t need to spend a lot of money, and you have the ability to change your mind at any time. By implementing in stages, you can bring your medical practice into the realm of electronic medical records the easy way.
* VersaForm currently offers several electronic medical records applications which can be downloaded at no charge from the company’s website, http://www.versaform.com.
Manage Your Business’s Information Technology the Easy Way
December 1st, 2009 No Comments Posted in Small Business
Wayne Hemrick asked:
Many businesses on the East Coast decide to go with a Boston it service provider to audit, procure, build, secure and administrate their information technology. For cost efficiency and professional service in dealing with information technology consultant ,boston
companies choose to outsource their IT.
The wedge of your business budget pie taken up by in-house information technology can be substantial. By the time you add up employee salaries and benefits, along with training and the cost of the tools needed for performing the job, many Massachusetts companies find that it makes better financial sense to procure the services of a Boston it provider.
One of the early steps that many organizations take is to hire an information technology consultant. Boston-area businesses benefit from using a consultant to perform a review of the business’s information technology currently being utilized. Also taking into consideration the company’s long-term projections and budget goals, the IT consultant will offer up a plan for making your company’s information technology run smoothly at the best possible cost to you.
Boston it consultants will help you select the hardware and software you need for expedient IT performance. Servers and network hardware are expensive items that are nevertheless necessary for conducting business, so you will want to make sure that the technological items you are buying will actually perform the tasks that you need. Desktop and laptop computers, along with the myriad peripherals that go with them, are vital to the day-to-day operation of your business and will immediately affect your business bottom line. This is why it pays to have expert Boston it consultants, engineers and technicians available to help you sort through the wealth of options to find what will work best for your unique company.
Once you have all of the hardware in place, you will also want to think about network security. For access to engineers and technicians who have been certified with the top technology companies and who provide expertise in information technology ,boston businesses turn to Boston it providers for help with this crucial area. If you operate an online storefront, or simply need to make sure that your business partner’s information will not be compromised, it is imperative to provide a secure platform upon which to conduct business. Boston it services can handle this aspect of your business for you, giving you and your business associates the peace of mind that everyone wants.
Network integration is another topic to discuss with your information technology consultant. Boston IT services can monitor your network round the clock to ensure its stability. This reduces the amount of wasted network down time, saving you money. Boston-based it services can help with every area of your company’s information technology system to make it run effectively.
Many businesses on the East Coast decide to go with a Boston it service provider to audit, procure, build, secure and administrate their information technology. For cost efficiency and professional service in dealing with information technology consultant ,boston
companies choose to outsource their IT.
The wedge of your business budget pie taken up by in-house information technology can be substantial. By the time you add up employee salaries and benefits, along with training and the cost of the tools needed for performing the job, many Massachusetts companies find that it makes better financial sense to procure the services of a Boston it provider.
One of the early steps that many organizations take is to hire an information technology consultant. Boston-area businesses benefit from using a consultant to perform a review of the business’s information technology currently being utilized. Also taking into consideration the company’s long-term projections and budget goals, the IT consultant will offer up a plan for making your company’s information technology run smoothly at the best possible cost to you.
Boston it consultants will help you select the hardware and software you need for expedient IT performance. Servers and network hardware are expensive items that are nevertheless necessary for conducting business, so you will want to make sure that the technological items you are buying will actually perform the tasks that you need. Desktop and laptop computers, along with the myriad peripherals that go with them, are vital to the day-to-day operation of your business and will immediately affect your business bottom line. This is why it pays to have expert Boston it consultants, engineers and technicians available to help you sort through the wealth of options to find what will work best for your unique company.
Once you have all of the hardware in place, you will also want to think about network security. For access to engineers and technicians who have been certified with the top technology companies and who provide expertise in information technology ,boston businesses turn to Boston it providers for help with this crucial area. If you operate an online storefront, or simply need to make sure that your business partner’s information will not be compromised, it is imperative to provide a secure platform upon which to conduct business. Boston it services can handle this aspect of your business for you, giving you and your business associates the peace of mind that everyone wants.
Network integration is another topic to discuss with your information technology consultant. Boston IT services can monitor your network round the clock to ensure its stability. This reduces the amount of wasted network down time, saving you money. Boston-based it services can help with every area of your company’s information technology system to make it run effectively.
Discover Advanced Business Continuity Products and it Services From Xbase Technologies at the Upcoming 2008 Financial Services Technology Forum
June 20th, 2009 No Comments Posted in Small Business
WowGao Inc. asked:
September 12, 2008 - Toronto, Canada.— XBASE Technologies Corp. is pleased to announce its participation in the 2008 Financial Services Technology Forum scheduled on October 28 & 29, 2008 at the Design Exchange in Toronto, Canada.
The Financial Services Technology Forum is the largest Financial Services Technology event in Canada; the leading global meeting place to learn about ongoing innovation and enterprise applications and solutions for the financial industry.
XBASE Technologies has been supporting organizations by providing network services and solutions, along with an extensive range of professional services on IT issues (including network design and implementation, server technology, business analysis, software selection, application development, relocation services, and interim IT staffing), since 1988.
Our offerings fit the needs of different types and sizes of organizations — we provide services on a project basis to support your IT department or on an ongoing basis.
Managed IT Services enable our clients to concentrate on their core business - looking after customers and generating income - while we ensure their systems perform at top efficiency, 24/7.
We have the knowledge and experience to help organizations develop and implement structured backup facilities and resumption solutions to ensure business continuity in case of a serious interruption of operations. XBASE partners with and will be joined at the Forum by its industry-leading technology partner NeverfailGroup, and will showcase Neverfail, the award-winning high availability, data protection, and disaster recovery solution for Blackberry Enterprise Server, Microsoft Exchange, SQL Server, File Server, IIS, and SharePoint.
XBASEs Virtualization products and services provide a fundamental technological innovation that addresses the issues of cost-effective IT infrastructure and the need for quick response to new business initiatives and organizational change.
About XBASE
XBASE Technologies has been delivering Managed IT Services and Network Solutions since 1988.
XBASE serves clients in many sectors, with particular expertise in Financial (our clients include the Canada Pension Plan Investment Board, fund and portfolio management firms, debt and equity financing providers, and operations within several major banks), Not-for-Profit, Healthcare, Legal, High- tech, and Logistics.
More information can be found at www.xbase.com.
Company Contact
Seymour Gladstone
seymour.gladstone@xbase.com
(416) 340-1020 ext. 2247
About WowGao Inc.
WowGao Inc. is an award winning leading event management company that produces, since 2003, internationally renowned conferences and expositions that address the latest innovations and developments in the information technology industry.
For more information about the events, please visit http://www.WowGao.com/
Contact information
416-292-0038, Ext 601
attendee@wowgao.com
September 12, 2008 - Toronto, Canada.— XBASE Technologies Corp. is pleased to announce its participation in the 2008 Financial Services Technology Forum scheduled on October 28 & 29, 2008 at the Design Exchange in Toronto, Canada.
The Financial Services Technology Forum is the largest Financial Services Technology event in Canada; the leading global meeting place to learn about ongoing innovation and enterprise applications and solutions for the financial industry.
XBASE Technologies has been supporting organizations by providing network services and solutions, along with an extensive range of professional services on IT issues (including network design and implementation, server technology, business analysis, software selection, application development, relocation services, and interim IT staffing), since 1988.
Our offerings fit the needs of different types and sizes of organizations — we provide services on a project basis to support your IT department or on an ongoing basis.
Managed IT Services enable our clients to concentrate on their core business - looking after customers and generating income - while we ensure their systems perform at top efficiency, 24/7.
We have the knowledge and experience to help organizations develop and implement structured backup facilities and resumption solutions to ensure business continuity in case of a serious interruption of operations. XBASE partners with and will be joined at the Forum by its industry-leading technology partner NeverfailGroup, and will showcase Neverfail, the award-winning high availability, data protection, and disaster recovery solution for Blackberry Enterprise Server, Microsoft Exchange, SQL Server, File Server, IIS, and SharePoint.
XBASEs Virtualization products and services provide a fundamental technological innovation that addresses the issues of cost-effective IT infrastructure and the need for quick response to new business initiatives and organizational change.
About XBASE
XBASE Technologies has been delivering Managed IT Services and Network Solutions since 1988.
XBASE serves clients in many sectors, with particular expertise in Financial (our clients include the Canada Pension Plan Investment Board, fund and portfolio management firms, debt and equity financing providers, and operations within several major banks), Not-for-Profit, Healthcare, Legal, High- tech, and Logistics.
More information can be found at www.xbase.com.
Company Contact
Seymour Gladstone
seymour.gladstone@xbase.com
(416) 340-1020 ext. 2247
About WowGao Inc.
WowGao Inc. is an award winning leading event management company that produces, since 2003, internationally renowned conferences and expositions that address the latest innovations and developments in the information technology industry.
For more information about the events, please visit http://www.WowGao.com/
Contact information
416-292-0038, Ext 601
attendee@wowgao.com
What are Liquidation Electronics?
May 28th, 2009 No Comments Posted in Small Business
Stephen Sikes asked:
Many people who are dealing with the down economic times are looking for a way to make a few extra dollars, or even start their own business if they have lost a job. Depending on what you know, there are many different businesses that you can start.
If you are electronics minded, you may like the idea of starting your own electronics business, but are not sure how you would be able to afford a good amount of starting inventory. Part of your problem is that you may be looking in the wrong place. Instead of looking at new electronics, if you have a little know-how, you may be better off looking at liquidation electronics.
Liquidation electronics are often overstocked items, returned items, broken items or other electronics that a retail store no longer wants for some reason. The condition of these items will vary. Some may be in perfect working order with just a dented box. Others may be broken items that will have to be repaired before being sold. If you know your way around electronics, this may be a goldmine waiting for you to get involved with it.
Where to Get Liquidation Electronics
There are a number of ways and places to get liquidation electronics. One way is to call all the retailers you can think of and ask them where they send their electronics. This is time consuming and the hard way to go about this. The other option is to find a liquidation broker online, type in what you are looking for and let the results come to you.
Know What You’re Getting
When it comes to liquidation electronics, knowing what you are getting will depend on the company you are working with. Some companies will give detailed lists of the items in the lots and the condition they are in. Others will just let you know it’s a pallet of electronics that you can purchase at your own risk
Know What You Can Fix
It is important when purchasing liquidation electronics to know your limits. While you may be pretty darn good at fixing nearly everything that is put in front of you, you also may know there are some things you are not so good with. You need to make an honest assessment of yourself so you don’t end up with things that you waste time on trying to fix and waste money on because you can’t sell them.
Many people who are dealing with the down economic times are looking for a way to make a few extra dollars, or even start their own business if they have lost a job. Depending on what you know, there are many different businesses that you can start.
If you are electronics minded, you may like the idea of starting your own electronics business, but are not sure how you would be able to afford a good amount of starting inventory. Part of your problem is that you may be looking in the wrong place. Instead of looking at new electronics, if you have a little know-how, you may be better off looking at liquidation electronics.
Liquidation electronics are often overstocked items, returned items, broken items or other electronics that a retail store no longer wants for some reason. The condition of these items will vary. Some may be in perfect working order with just a dented box. Others may be broken items that will have to be repaired before being sold. If you know your way around electronics, this may be a goldmine waiting for you to get involved with it.
Where to Get Liquidation Electronics
There are a number of ways and places to get liquidation electronics. One way is to call all the retailers you can think of and ask them where they send their electronics. This is time consuming and the hard way to go about this. The other option is to find a liquidation broker online, type in what you are looking for and let the results come to you.
Know What You’re Getting
When it comes to liquidation electronics, knowing what you are getting will depend on the company you are working with. Some companies will give detailed lists of the items in the lots and the condition they are in. Others will just let you know it’s a pallet of electronics that you can purchase at your own risk
Know What You Can Fix
It is important when purchasing liquidation electronics to know your limits. While you may be pretty darn good at fixing nearly everything that is put in front of you, you also may know there are some things you are not so good with. You need to make an honest assessment of yourself so you don’t end up with things that you waste time on trying to fix and waste money on because you can’t sell them.
Consumer Electronics Items
March 15th, 2009 No Comments Posted in Small Business
Guzmanh asked:
Introduction:
The daily use of electronic equipments are known as consumer electronics and includes TV, telephone, DVD, CD, PC, laptop etc. These equipments are manufactured throughout the world. With the advancement in electronic engineering at a continuous pace, a number of new variety electronics items flood into the market every year and the cost the existing products reduces continuously and it is one of the biggest advantage of consumer electronics industry.
Electronic waste is one of the problems associated with these electronic item and many manufacturers are now planning to deal with these waste.
Semiconductor:
All electronic devices use semiconductors and without these semiconductors none of the electronic device is complete. Semiconductor behaves like an insulator at absolute zero (-273 degree centigrade) and can be distinguished from conductor that at this temperature the outermost filled electron energy band is completely filled in a semiconductor compare to the conductor in which the band is partially filled.
At room temperature semiconductor show a very small electrical conductivity much lower than that of conductor.
Doping in semiconductor:
Most common semiconductors used for electronic devices are silicon and germanium. Although some other conductors such as iridium phosphide, gallium arsenide and mercury cadmium telluride are also used.
A pure semiconductor also known as intrinsic semiconductor, when doped with electron rich element e.g. arsenic or electron deficient element e.g. boron in very small quantity, its conductivity increases and the resultant conductor is known as extrinsic conductor. My doping arsenic (electron rich) and boron (electron deficient) in silicon, we get n-type (negative type) and p-type (positive type) semiconductor devices.
We may create a p-n junction by doping different element in different region of semiconductor and the device is known as diode. Similarly we can create p-n-p or n-p-n junctions and the device is known as triodes.
Electronic Devices
(a) Television:
It is a device by which we can receive moving pictures and sounds over a distance. The whole transmission and receiver systems require the following inputs.
1.Camera for live images or flying spot scanner for transmission of films and sound source.
2.Transmitters for transmitting both images and sounds.
3.Receiver systems for receiving these signals.
4.Display device, which is either CRT, Rear projection, LCD or plasma. To display the signal in the forms of images and sounds.
(b) Telephone:
It is the device for communicating by which two persons can send and receive sound signals over a distance. The system requires the following inputs.
1.The telephone equipment, which converts sound signals to electrical signals and electrical signals to sound signals.
2.Central exchange from where the subscribers are interconnected.
3.Wiring for connecting all the subscribers.
(c) Calculators:
It is a device used for carry out various mathematical calculations. The input required for calculator are as given below.
1.Power source (battery or solar panel).
2.Display device (LED or LCD)
3.Keypad containing all functions and numbers.
4.All electronic circuit devices.
Electronic Waste:
These are the waste electronic devices and if properly utilized may be valuable secondary raw material source for various electronic equipments and if thrown out may act as toxic due to presence of various toxic materials including lead, mercury, cadmium, arsenic etc. uncontrolled burning of these materials may also cause environmental problems.
Electronic waste is sometimes illegally sent to other countries for processing. However, due to complexity and difficulties in recycling, e-waste will remain an issue for the coming days.
Introduction:
The daily use of electronic equipments are known as consumer electronics and includes TV, telephone, DVD, CD, PC, laptop etc. These equipments are manufactured throughout the world. With the advancement in electronic engineering at a continuous pace, a number of new variety electronics items flood into the market every year and the cost the existing products reduces continuously and it is one of the biggest advantage of consumer electronics industry.
Electronic waste is one of the problems associated with these electronic item and many manufacturers are now planning to deal with these waste.
Semiconductor:
All electronic devices use semiconductors and without these semiconductors none of the electronic device is complete. Semiconductor behaves like an insulator at absolute zero (-273 degree centigrade) and can be distinguished from conductor that at this temperature the outermost filled electron energy band is completely filled in a semiconductor compare to the conductor in which the band is partially filled.
At room temperature semiconductor show a very small electrical conductivity much lower than that of conductor.
Doping in semiconductor:
Most common semiconductors used for electronic devices are silicon and germanium. Although some other conductors such as iridium phosphide, gallium arsenide and mercury cadmium telluride are also used.
A pure semiconductor also known as intrinsic semiconductor, when doped with electron rich element e.g. arsenic or electron deficient element e.g. boron in very small quantity, its conductivity increases and the resultant conductor is known as extrinsic conductor. My doping arsenic (electron rich) and boron (electron deficient) in silicon, we get n-type (negative type) and p-type (positive type) semiconductor devices.
We may create a p-n junction by doping different element in different region of semiconductor and the device is known as diode. Similarly we can create p-n-p or n-p-n junctions and the device is known as triodes.
Electronic Devices
(a) Television:
It is a device by which we can receive moving pictures and sounds over a distance. The whole transmission and receiver systems require the following inputs.
1.Camera for live images or flying spot scanner for transmission of films and sound source.
2.Transmitters for transmitting both images and sounds.
3.Receiver systems for receiving these signals.
4.Display device, which is either CRT, Rear projection, LCD or plasma. To display the signal in the forms of images and sounds.
(b) Telephone:
It is the device for communicating by which two persons can send and receive sound signals over a distance. The system requires the following inputs.
1.The telephone equipment, which converts sound signals to electrical signals and electrical signals to sound signals.
2.Central exchange from where the subscribers are interconnected.
3.Wiring for connecting all the subscribers.
(c) Calculators:
It is a device used for carry out various mathematical calculations. The input required for calculator are as given below.
1.Power source (battery or solar panel).
2.Display device (LED or LCD)
3.Keypad containing all functions and numbers.
4.All electronic circuit devices.
Electronic Waste:
These are the waste electronic devices and if properly utilized may be valuable secondary raw material source for various electronic equipments and if thrown out may act as toxic due to presence of various toxic materials including lead, mercury, cadmium, arsenic etc. uncontrolled burning of these materials may also cause environmental problems.
Electronic waste is sometimes illegally sent to other countries for processing. However, due to complexity and difficulties in recycling, e-waste will remain an issue for the coming days.
